A few reviews of Lomborg's "Cool It"
Posted by Jerome a Paris on September 30, 2007 - 2:23pm
Topic: Environment/Sustainability
Tags: Bjorn Lomborg, climate change [list all tags]
[Editor's note by Super G] There's an advertisement for Bjorn Lomborg's new book on the left. The editors and staff debated whether or not to run the ad. On one hand, Lomborg's attempt to "muddy the waters" in the discussion on climate change can be seen as counter-productive to goals of The Oil Drum. On the other hand, a policy that separates editorial and advertising decisions can prevent advertisers from unduly influencing our content. (The corollary is that we have run ads we don't like.) In the end, we've decided to run the ad alongside the critiques of Lomborg's book below.
Bill McKibben in the New York Review of Books:
Doubtless scientists and economists will spend many hours working their way through Cool It, flagging the distortions and half-truths as they did with Lomborg's earlier book. In fact, though, its real political intent soon becomes clear, which is to try to paint those who wish to control carbon emissions as well-meaning fools who will inadvertently block improvements in the life of the poor.
Just ask yourself this question: Why has Lomborg decided to compare the efficacy of (largely theoretical) funding to stop global warming with his other priorities, like fighting malaria or ensuring clean water? If fighting malaria was his real goal, he could as easily have asked the question: Why don't we divert to it some of the (large and nontheoretical) sums spent on, say, the military? The answer he gave when I asked this question at our dialogue was that he thought military spending was bad and that therefore it made more sense to compare global warming dollars with other "good" spending. But of course this makes less sense. If he thought that money spent for the military was doing damage, then he could kill two birds with one stone by diverting some of it to his other projects. Proposing that, though, would lose him much of the right-wing support that made his earlier book a best seller—he'd no longer be able to count on even The Wall Street Journal editorial page.
The Wall Street Journal is indeed more supportive:
A Calm Voice in a Heated Debate
In this world of Republicans and Democrats, meat-eaters and vegetarians, dog lovers and cat lovers, we have a new divide. On one side are global-warming believers. They've heard Al Gore's inconvenient truths and, along with the staff of Time magazine, feel "worried, very worried." Humanity faces no greater threat than a warming Earth, they say, and government must drastically curb carbon-dioxide emissions. On the other side are those who don't think that the Earth is warming; and even if it is, they don't think that man is causing it; and even if man is to blame, it isn't clear that global warming is bad; and even if it is, efforts to fix it will cost too much and may, in the end, do more harm than good.
Standing in the practical middle is Bjorn Lomborg, the free-thinking Dane who, in "The Skeptical Environmentalist" (2001), challenged the belief that the environment is going to pieces. Mr. Lomborg is now back with "Cool It," a book brimming with useful facts and common sense.
Given that the "middle" for the WSJ is usually the position halfway between theirs and Hillary Clinton's (on foreign policy) or Robert Rubin (on the economy), one can presume that it's the same in this case...
Meanwhile, Chris Mooney writes on DeSmogBlog about Lomborg's book comments on hurricanes, his area of expertise:
Lomborg starts off his treatment of the hurricane-climate issue by showing how some environmentalists have over-hyped the science, either by directly linking climate change to individual events like Hurricane Katrina or by ascribing too much certainty to conclusions that are still the subject of considerable expert debate. Here, the "skeptical environmentalist" does indeed score some easy points: Greens should have been much more cautious on this subject in the wake of Katrina. Lomborg is also right to note that even if we're worried about worsening hurricanes due to global warming, it doesn't necessarily follow that our most immediate policy solution should simply be to cut greenhouse gas emissions. We are committed to significant warming no matter what happens, and if this warming is going to spark stronger or more destructive hurricanes on average, the most immediate policy prescription ought instead to be investing in better hurricane preparedness (although of course there are many other valid reasons to cap emissions).
But from here, Lomborg grows increasingly misleading. Before long, we find him citing a late 2006 statement from the World Meteorological Organization as representative of the current scientific consensus on the relationship between hurricanes and global warming. There's nothing wrong with the statement itself, but Lomborg reduces its ten points down to only three--all of which cut in Lomborg's ideological favor--while failing to share the rest of what we know with his readers. In fact, read in full, the statement outlines a number of ways global warming should worsen hurricane impacts that are a matter of consensus (to say nothing of potentially larger magnitude changes that are still debated but that may well be happening). Consider these two "consensus" points that Lomborg completely omits: "It is likely that some increase in tropical cyclone peak wind-speed and rainfall will occur if the climate continues to warm. Model studies and theory project a 3-5% increase in wind-speed per degree Celsius increase of tropical sea surface temperatures"; and "If the projected rise in sea level due to global warming occurs, then the vulnerability to tropical cyclone storm surge flooding would increase."
Having downplayed some of the more troubling elements of the scientific consensus--and simply dismissed the possibility of more dramatic changes that are currently being debated--Lomborg then seizes on one item in the WMO statement in particular--"The recent increase in societal impact from tropical cyclones has been largely caused by rising concentrations of population and infrastructure in coastal regions"--and runs with it. It is indeed an accepted position among hurricane specialists that the spike in recent storm damage is largely the result of having more people and property in harm's way. But from here Lomborg leaps to the totally incorrect conclusion that changes to hurricanes themselves as a result of global warming are a concern that can be minimized.
(...)
As a result, when it comes to hurricanes, he only tells the side of the story that will help him downplay the seriousness of global warming.
Salon also has is own book review:
Global warming is not as bad as it's made out to be, argues Bjørn Lomborg. But he cherry-picks evidence to manufacture a scientific and economic consensus that doesn't exist.
They also have an interview with Lomborg himself:
I agree that when you make it more expensive to use fossil fuels, people will spend more money on research and development. But let's not buy things right now that make us feel good but result in fairly trivial carbon cuts. As you probably know, we have lots of windmills in Denmark. We felt incredibly good about this in the '80s and '90s. So we spent a lot on windmills that turned out to inefficient. Now we basically have to take down all our old windmills and put up the new efficient ones. My point is that maybe we shouldn't have put up the first ones. We should have invested in research and development and waited to put up bigger, better windmills.
But wasn't that a necessary process? Creating the first windmills is what led to the development of better ones.
Yes, but if you want to get a better windmill, maybe you put up one or 10 or even 100. Economists disagree on this. But you don't need 1,000 or 10,000. My point is: Don't do stuff before it's efficient, but make sure you get faster to the point where it gets efficient.
(...)
I'm simply saying, "Don't trust me, just like you shouldn't trust Jim Hansen."
(...)
It's true that a lot of people say that Kyoto is an insurance, although it's typically not economists. It's shrewd but it's a drastic misuse of the word "insurance." Insurance means that you pay a small premium and if an unlikely event happens, you get all your money back. If your house burns down, you get the money so you can buy a new house. It amounts to a reduction in the chance of something bad happening. But by buying insurance against climate change, if your house burns down, you don't get anything. You could say you get a door back.
To use my favorite metaphor, saying "insurance" is like talking about lowering the speed on highways. It ensures you a little more safety, but it also has clear costs. And we need to have a conversation of asking, How quick should we drive? Clearly it shouldn't be 250 miles per hour, and likewise it shouldn't be 5 miles per hour. We need to have that sensible discussion. I'm happy to have the discussion of whether it should be 55 or 50, but I think it's silly when people come and say it should be 5.
(...)
You write: "Alarmism has a long history in the climate debate. Perhaps most chillingly, this was evident in the witch trials of medieval Europe." Are you really comparing Gore, Bill McKibben, the Natural Resources Defense Council, New Scientist magazine to the leaders of the Inquisition?
No, no, not all.
What's the purpose of that analogy?
It's to point out that weather has always been a huge part of human discourse.
To finish, the final word to Bill McKibben, form the first review above:
Lomborg casts himself as the voice of reason in this debate, contending with well-meaning but wooly-headed scientists, bureaucrats, environmentalists, politicians, and reporters. I got a preview of some of these arguments in May when we engaged in a dialogue at Middlebury College in Vermont; they struck me then, and strike me now in written form, as tendentious and partisan in particularly narrow ways. Lomborg has appeared regularly on right-wing radio and TV programs, and been summoned to offer helpful testimony by, for instance, Oklahoma Senator James Inhofe, famous for his claim that global warming is a hoax. That Lomborg disagrees with him and finds much of the scientific analysis of global warming accurate doesn't matter to Inhofe; for his purposes, it is sufficient that Lomborg opposes doing much of anything about it.
But Lomborg's actual arguments turn out to be weak, a farrago of straw men and carefully selected, shopworn data that holds up poorly in light of the most recent research, both scientific and economic. He calculates at great length, for instance, his claim that the decline in the number of people dying from cold weather will outweigh the increase in the number of people dying from the heat, leading him to the genial conclusion that a main effect of global warming may be that "we just notice people wearing slightly fewer layers of winter clothes on a winter's evening." But in April 2007, Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the panel of experts whose scientific data he prefers to cite, released a report showing, among many other things, that fewer deaths from cold exposure "will be outweighed by the negative health effects of rising temperatures world-wide, especially in developing countries."



I like to follow all the threads on TOD, but I just can't keep up. Back in June there was a discussion of Coal and Climate Change by Dave Rutledge http://www.theoildrum.com/node/2697#more
What I got from that discussion was that 'global warming' won't happen because the world will run out of fossil fuels before CO2 level rises enough for any of the IPCC scenarios to happen. Have I missed any posting that points out serious errors on Prof. Rutledge's work? Why does global warming remain a concern to this community. Lots of people are very worried about GW, but we have been introduced to a far bigger concern. I think that none of Lomborg's arguments really address the 'Rutledge scenario'.
Well, part of the argument you refer to is based in the idea that there may not be enough fossil fuels to continue at the rates that some of the energy scenarios project. However, those IPCC scenarios may also fail because the leave out the possible last desperate gasp and grasp for the remaining fossil fuels of some really damaging short-term scenarios.
Cutting down forests for wood fuel has a carbon impact that compares with fossil fuels and the IPCC scenarios don't really take any of that into account. Trying to convert cellulose to alcohol or coal-to-liquids also may be a real problem.
In an energy short world, global warming could end up being the gift that keeps on giving.
Hi ST,
The IPCC scenarios do include changes in forest area, grasslands, cropland, and land for biofuels. You can get the spreadsheet at
http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/emission/data/allscen.xls
Dave
Jim Hansen himself has addressed this. Even with slightly generous estimates of remaining oil and gas reserves, the total level of global warming will be bad assuming we use them all up, but not catastrophic.
The really big problem is coal. We DO have enough of it to do tremendous damage (push natural geological/biological feedforwards into a big acceleration), and it looks like we are exactly on track to do so.
The back-to-the-future substitution of coal for depleting oil and gas will accelerate. That's worse even per joule/BTU of raw combustion energy because there's no hydrogen in coal, unlike oil and gas---all the energy comes from oxidization of carbon, resulting in greenhouse emissions.
And then there's the extra energy inefficiency of coal-to-liquids, coal-to-gas etc, requiring additional primary energy to get the useful end product to substitute for gas and oil.
There is hydrogen in coal, just not as much as in oil and NG.
I didn't know that. I assumed it was mostly just plain C.
What is the %age, or more relevantly, what is fraction of energy released which comes from hydrogen combustion in CH4 (presumably the maximum) typical gasoline or petroleum, and coal?
You'd have to make an unrealistic assumption about extractable coal reserves (plus shale to oil, tar sands etc.) to believe that we don't have enough fossil fuels to really wreck the Earth's climate.
We do. And then there's deforestation.
Peak coal is a neat idea, but there is a lot of coal out there, especially when you throw in the brown coal in places like Poland and the eastern states of Germany.
If we can blow the top off Kentucky mountains, then we can get at that coal.
Coal is almost entirely used for electrical generation, these days.
At least in the US, there's an easy substitution with wind, which is only a couple of cents per kwh more than coal (and cheaper, if you internalize all the external costs). Wind was 20% of new generation in 2006, and growing 40% per year. I think we could put a moratorium on all new coal plants, if we really wanted to. It might take a bit of demand management to handle peak demand periods, but it's pretty doable. In 10 years we could grow wind to the point that we started reducing coal useage.
I find that encouraging.
Even if warming maxes out at 3C I believe
Hansen says we will have a 'different kind of Earth'.
Big Coal is in denial about an early peak. When mechanical digging becomes prohibitive underground gasification will get the remainder. Right now they just can't dig it up fast enough.
I am far more concerned about climate change in the long run, though I think peak oil and gas may be worse crises in the short run. Looks to me like we have enough fossil fuels to get us to a 2C tipping point with the potential from there to have run-away positive feedbacks related to the loss of polar ice and methane emissions from soil. Very difficult to model where this would head because the science is weak on soil-vegetation dynamics and the speed of polar ice melt.
Lucky for us, the solution to both problems is the same.
1) Conserve. Cut our energy needs thus prolonging our supply of oil and coal. Cut our 'nasty' emissions by burning less fossil fuel.
A watt of power that we don't consume is one that we don't have to generate and "one watt" less pollution.
2) Get more 'green' energy on line. Same results, plus building for an oil-free future. Or at least for a future in which we use oil only when absolutely necessary.
So we build less efficient windmills, PV panels, wave generators than what we might be able to build 10, 20 years from now. Big F-ing deal. Right now we can build 'good enough to make a difference'. And that will give us some breathing space to make better devices down the road.
We can recycle those old mills and panels when the energy required to recycle is substantially less than that which would be created by the new mills/panels.
Time to fire up the plants and crank out some green goodies.
IMHO.
--
edit:
Let's throw another problem into the mix, along with global warming and 'peaking stuff': Health.
We're spending a lot of money because we're dumping so much 'nasty' into the air. We're hurting a lot of people. We're hurting a lot of growing things.
Getting more green power on line has (at least) a triple payoff.
Decreasing the power of certain oil producing nations and reversing some cash flow problems might be a couple more reasons....
The prospect of the arctic being ice-free within the next decade stuns me. It's another order of magnitude (sort of) rate of increase in the rate of increase.
There is this snippet from Kolbert's "Field Notes from a Catastrophe":
I'd never thought of it that way but had focused on "what is the right paradigm" and how important it might be to jump to it directly. The requirement for a radically changing series of adaptations pretty well shoots holes in all the lifeboats. Restructuring our entire resource base decade over decade just to keep up - not going to happen.
cfm in Gray, ME
"The prospect of the arctic being ice-free within the next decade stuns me"
Why? It's been free in the past. Even back as far as 1880 a ship made it ice free from the Pacific to the Atlantic. Also in 1944 a wooden RCMP boat on patrols made it through there ice free on several trips across the top.
It's not a problem.
Richard
London, Ont.
No one is ahead of their time, just the rest of humanity is slow to catch on.
You appear to be confused. We are not talking about the northwest passage, which are the trips to which you refer and which, by the way, were not completely ice free. No, we are talking about the entire arctic, all of it, every stinking square inch of ocean, being ice free. If you fail to understand the impact of that, then you need to refresh your understanding of the topic.
"The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function." -- Dr. Albert Bartlett
Into the Grey Zone
Here's what I wrote in another thread on this topic:
"I once looked at the numbers with a friend and to my surprise, Jeremy Legget did something similar (with slightly different numbers) in his speech on the conference.
Our result:
Gross Climate Limit: 4.90 GtCeq/y (IPCC for 2000-2100)
- Land use change: 1.60 GtCeq/y (IPCC for 2000-2100)
- Livestock GHG: 1.25 GtCeq/y (FAO, for 2004)
= Net Climate Limit for Energy: 2.05 GtCeq/y max.
I.e. Net Climate Limit for Energy for 2000-2100: 205 GtCeq
(GtCeq means gigatons of carbon equivalent. There are other units around, like CO2eq, so if you want to compare, be careful!)
If you compare this "climate limit" of 2.05 GtCeq with the various reserve estimates, you find that even with the most conservative fossil fuel reserve estimates, we can just afford to burn all the oil and gas that's there but only if we do not burn a single gram of coal at the same time.
So, as many speaker said during the conference: Peak Oil will not save us from Global Warming, especially not if CTL and tar sands will be used as large-scale substitutes.
Cheers,
Davidyson
Reference to the FAO report:
http://www.virtualcentre.org/en/library/key_pub/longshad/A0701E00.pdf
"
In addition to COAL....
There are lots of other sources of CO2.
Last week's Drumbeats had stories about CO2 emissions from clear-cutting jungles and bogs to grow palm-oil in Indonesia and Malaysia. The smoke is bad, but as the water table in the bogs falls, they release massive quantities of CO2 - as much in 2005 as nearly one third of the entire US CO2 output!
There are also other GHGs.
Leanan also had stories in the Drumbeat about NO2 from fertilizers, which is 2x more greenhouse intensive than CO2. Enough is sprayed on corn and soybeans for ethanol or biodiesel to make "bio-fuels" a NET greenhouse contributor.
There are worries about thawing permafrost methane and ocean-based methane (clathrates?). There are lots of industrial solvents that are much more potent than C02.
I hope you keep debating. Most will take the ad as a tacit endorsement of the book's content by TOD.
I don't agree. Right now, The New York Times website is running an ad for the Infiniti G Coupe. Do people come away with the impression that the Times "endorses" the car?
If we reject ads based on their content, then the ads we do run can be seen as endorsements. But if we run every ad that's submitted to us, it is impossible to discern which products we endorse and which we don't.
Much more likely it would be seen as Lomborg endorsing the content of TOD as the fear is always that advertisers control the content of their media outlets not that the outlets endorse their advertisers.
If ExxonMobil wants to support TOD, by all means let's let them since it could be taken as an implicit endorsement of the view that global oil production has already peaked, espoused by so many of us here.
: )
Ken
People understand that newspapers sell ads to anyone as their funding mechanism. They don't necessarily understand that about websites like TOD. Indeed, I had assumed until now that TOD did have standards.
And what's wrong with endorsing quality stuff?
If, indeed, TOD runs every ad that is submitted, you have a valid point. So are there no standards whatsoever? And if there aren't, why is this string even posted? Certainly not for the majority of folks who will never read it.
That queasy feeling may be a bad burrito, or maybe there actually should be standards and TOD staff kinda realizes that.... I'm just guessing.
Credibility is a fragile thing.
There's nothing wrong with endorsing quality stuff. You can find our endorsements of good ideas and products in the center column of the page—not the left column.
I posted the editor's note to clarify our policy on advertisements.
I can see why this is a hot potato, but as long as the ad gives a fair summary of what it is advertising - the 2 review quotes give me that summary OK - then I say keep it. If the ad said "this contains the truth about GW" then I would object. I welcome any skeptical environmentalists, and their guide. I wont buy it or read it.
If he is saying that there is lot of hype, hand-wringing and political rhetoric that will mean we do nothing useful in the end to affect the outcome, then I don't need to read it because I think that already.
And one of the two review quotes is from none other than the National Review. I think that suffices to give (hopefully) most people an idea of what a political piece of cr*p the book is; little to do with science, or indeed honest research.
When asked, I said that Lomborg was too tendentious and we should not run the ad. However, taking his money and using it to run negative reviews of his book isn't bad.
Indeed, to make progress in the GW debate you absolutely need books like "Cool It" to debunk, and getting people to buy and read the book is not such a bad thing.
Personally, I never feel comfortable in a conclusion until I have thoroughly considered the best the opposing group has to say about the matter. Otherwise, I am quite liable to be just believing someone telling me what I already want to believe.
The thing that is so compelling about the view that Peak Oil has occurred or is imminent is the utter weakness of the best opposing arguements and their supporting data.
Question is -- business / press or not?
Yet, clearly, Lomborg's voice is a seriously counterproductive one in seeking to move toward a more sensible path.
What is frustrating is that the basic question: let us try to figure out real metrics for helping judge investment decisions is one that make sense. By definition, we have limited resources. Investing them soundly, supported by real evidence, is something that we should all support.
Sadly, though, Lomborg is invested in truthiness rather than truth.
None on the reviewers has come up with a single fault made by Lomborg. This will give many people the feeling that GW is an issue of belief rather than facts, hence 1-0 to Lomborg...
Huh? How is ignoring the bits of a report that say the opposite of what you claim (using other bits of that report) not a "fault"?
You are my friend, talking horse manure. Consider:
Chris Mooney
Bill McKibben
Slate
You must not have read the same reviews as I did.
Debunking Bjorn Lomborg: Part I
http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/9/13/105130/672
http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/9/14/142514/357
http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/9/17/151133/245
Clearly you are not reading and assimilating the reviews.
They all give Lomborg some form of credit and then rip him to shreds (quite politely) for playing fast and loose with the evidence.
For more direct assault and trashing, you could check out: Putting the Heat on Lomborg: http://www.postcarbon.org/putting_the_heat_on_lomborg
I never got involved in the email debate about whether or not this add should be run - but I agree in principal that it should be run and an objective debate by those who have read the book should follow. I've not read the book so cannot comment.
However, at ASPO 6 in Cork, Pierre-René Bauquis showed this slide. I'd never seen the O2/N2 data before. And none of those I've spoken to since are familiar with this data.
The decline of O2/N2 provides a direct link to rising CO2 being caused by burning fossil solar fuels (as opposed to warming causing CO2 to be expelled from ocean water and clathrates). The reference is given simply as R. Keeling SIO. Anyone got a source reference link for this work?
http://bluemoon.ucsd.edu/publications/ralph/ contains PDFs of his papers. The O2 balance one gets into the O2/N2 ratio as a marker for fossil fuel CO2 production.
SIO probably stands for Scripps Institute of Oceanography, and R. Keeling probably means this guy.
I suspect that you're not looking at data from a peer-reviewed publication, but information privately communicated.
This makes it sound like it's BS, which it is not.
I agree that the data is highly unlikely to be BS.
What I'm trying to communicate is that there isn't an easily cited publication somewhere that you can point to where this data has all been published -- the last few years don't appear to have made it to publication yet.
If somebody wants the raw data, the only way to get it is is probably to email Ralph Keeling.
Wrong Keeling, though son of the correct Keeling. The Keeling responsible for the Keeling Curve was Charles David Keeling (April 20, 1928 - June 20, 2005)who began to collect samples of the atmosphere from the Earth's surface in remote locations in California including Big Sur and the White Mountains. Keeling was the first to scientifically validate, and it was excellent science, that the concentration of C02 in the atmosphere was increasing through time. At the urging of Roger Revelle, the same Revelle that inspired Al Gore's mania, Keeling established a sampling station on Mauna Loa in the state of Hawaii. The station on Mauna Loa began operation in 1958 (?), continues to be operational, and is the source of the data set from which the Keeling Curve is derived. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_David_Keeling, or read _Thin Ice: Unlocking the Secrets of Climate in the World's Highest Mountains_ by Mark Bowen, Ph.D. (physics) -