DrumBeat: May 13, 2007
Posted by Leanan on May 13, 2007 - 8:08am
Topic: Miscellaneous
Purdue Will Reinvestigate Its Professor Who Claimed Desktop Fusion
The new inquiry goes beyond the focus of an earlier one, which looked at whether the professor, Rusi P. Taleyarkhan, improperly omitted himself as an author on two scientific papers. For the first time, a committee is examining whether the underlying research might have been fraudulent.
Union: Overloaded grid ready to ‘pop’: Warns of blackouts, explosions
Documents obtained by the Herald show more than 12,000 transformers from Attleboro to Ayer are operating at above 200 percent capacity, with some as high as 900 percent over design standards. Union officials, who last night reached an agreement in contract talks with National Grid, say the overloads are pushing the state’s electrical system to the brink and could lead to widespread blackouts this summer.
A future with less oil and more hard choices
When you look at folks who don't believe that worldwide oil production has already peaked, do you think they're wrong or the data aren't convincing?It's pretty convincing to me. From what I've read, they believe that there will be technology advancements that will cover the gap. I don't agree with that.
I've been in the business over 50 years now. I've drilled a lot of oil wells. It's expensive to find, and I think the big fields have been found. Today, you'd have to replace 30 billion barrels a year to keep up. And we don't even come close to that.
State Closes Coal-Fired Plant That Failed to Limit Emissions
Four years ago, a company that owns two local power plants settled a lawsuit with New York State by agreeing to install $100 million worth of pollution control technology at one of them, its coal-fired plant here, or shut it down.At the time, the company, Mirant New York, said it would move forward with the upgrades at its Lovett plant. But on Thursday, state officials announced a different outcome. In a news conference here, Attorney General Andrew M. Cuomo said the state was forcing the plant to close after Mirant failed to reduce emissions with new technology.
Governments, schools face cuts as price of gas soars
Consumers aren't the only ones hit in their wallets as gas prices rise. So are governments and school districts — and higher costs for them mean less in services for taxpayers.
OK, here's the real way to cut back on oil use: Raise the gas tax.
Good news: Many share hope gas prices will rise
Judging from the unprecedented reader response to Thursday's column, "Record gasoline prices great news for U.S.," (www.andresoppenheimer.blogspot.com) in which I said that gasoline prices should rise above $4 a gallon to trigger a nationwide uproar that will force Washington to get serious about reducing America's dependence on foreign oil, there are many more Americans than I thought who share this view.
Gas Prices 'Tremendous' Impact on Local Truckers
The President of the Prince George Trucking Association says the recent hike at the gas pumps translates into an approximate $500 increase in monthly fuel costs for most truckers.Stan Wheeldon says it’s difficult to plan for such dramatic upswings because it’s often a year or more between adjustments for hourly truck rates.
Canada: Politicians must reign in out of control gas prices
It is highly unlikely that the province’s energy critic has struck upon the solution to the Lower Mainland’s out-of-control gas prices, but embattled consumers can derive some optimism from the fact that the nation’s lawmakers are finally looking at how we are being hosed at the gas pumps.
Gas prices spur calls for action
Across the country, record-high fuel prices have dipped deeper into the pocketbooks of unhappy consumers, prompting some lawmakers to threaten new taxes on oil-industry profits and bringing new scrutiny on an industry practice of charging different prices to gas stations depending on their location.
Canada: Motorists fume as gas prices soar
$1.30 A LITRE: Situation's become so bad that some have resorted to siphoning fuel.
India ready to help Nepal tide over fuel crisis
While India has increased its supplies of fuel by a small percentage, Nepal has asked India for more time to pay back outstanding dues and urged it to resume normal supply till the election to the Constituent Assembly is held later this year.The Himalayan state has been witnessing a severe fuel shortage, with long lines at petrol stations, as supplies from Indian Oil Corporation had been curtailed by about 40 per cent, after Nepal Oil Corporation defaulted on regular payments.
Barbados: No word yet on gas hike
There is no Cabinet decision yet on any increase in the price of gas.But at a time when international oil prices have moved steadily upwards in the past four months, Government may soon have to "look at the numbers" and decide if people should pay more to drive their vehicles on the nation's highways and byways.
Petrol purchases for government-owned vehicles is a tight squeeze on the public purse as more than $1 billion has been spent at the pumps over the last two financial years to gas up the public-sector fleet.As a result, Dr. Ruth Potopsingh, group managing director of the Petroleum Corporation of Jamaica (PCJ), is warning that the country cannot continue the current trend. "We have to do something about it. It is not sustainable," she said.
Tainted gasoline costs drivers, damages autos
While the number of gas stations that get in trouble for having bad gas varies from year to year, state regulators say, the number of complaints they get tends to spike when the price of gas goes up.
Q& A With Venezuela's Energy Minister
"The concept here is there can be no interest above our laws, our constitution, none. Those companies were at the margin of the laws in the hydrocarbon sector all these years. Last year, we offered a possibility to discuss a migration in the framework of our law. We spent a year intending to do that and, with that effort not being possible, President Hugo Chavez ordered the nationalization and a law was approved. What we say is that with that law there is no possibility, there is not much flexibility, the terms of the law have to be complied with, as in any sovereign country. And what we've said is if our legal framework and constitution are not respected, they'll have to leave the country."
Auto industry needs to be saved from itself
The court case in which the auto industry is challenging Vermont's auto emission standards has unveiled the kind of Alice in Wonderland thinking that has decimated the industry in the United States.
Basin rig count remains stong despite softer prices
"I don't know where the ceiling is on the rig count," said Ingham. "We had sharp growth in the rig count, then it was constrained by shortages of labor and equipment. As those problems were solved, the count began rising again. That shows me there was unmet potential. Prices have leveled off, but we see the rig count continue marching upward. As long as that number goes up, it's a solid indicator there's enough activity increase -- not just holding steady but an actual increase -- to offer continued economic stimulus."
Sale of Carbon Credits Helping Land-Rich, but Cash-Poor, Tribes
The market for carbon credits promises to be a boon for some land-rich but cash-poor tribes. Selling carbon sequestration credits early in the growth of a forest lets the tribe realize some money more quickly, rather than waiting for decades for the harvest.
Silicon Valley Sets Sights On "Clean Tech"
Microchips? Been there. Software? Done that. Dotcoms? Soooo 20th century. Now, Silicon Valley is looking to become clean and green – and it could turn into the region's next big high-tech push.Its new focus: so-called "clean technology" – technology that uses natural resources more efficiently or not at all, thereby reducing the environmental impact of products and cutting costs.
Secret British Gas nuclear plans
Centrica, parent company of British Gas, has opened secret talks with French energy giants EDF and Areva about building nuclear power stations in Britain.
Infinifuel biodiesel plant in Wabuska uses geothermal energy and crops to create alternative energy
Claude Sapp, principal for Infinifuel Biodiesel...is working to turn the oldest geothermal plant in Nevada into a biodiesel processing facility, where camelina oil seed and even algae is becoming diesel fuel.
Iran nuclear diplomacy makes nations aware of energy crisis: ambassador
According to the ambassador, countries will face crisis in meeting their energy needs because fossil fuels will one day be depleted...."Crisis of energy shortage in years after 2015 is a serious dilemma which should urge all countries to consider nuclear energy as a major source to meet future energy demands," he said.
"Given the lack of attention to the upcoming energy crisis, developing countries will turn into 'victims' in the next era." Referring to emerging international awareness about the importance of nuclear energy, he added that world nations overwhelmingly support Iran's rights to access peaceful nuclear technology.
Citigroup is investing $50 billion in green projects. But is this concern for the planet or mere opportunism? A bit of both, writes Dominic Rushe from New York.
Amish In Ohio Turned On To Solar Power
Their avoidance of technology does not mean they see such things as "evil". Indeed, the Amish view modern advances such as electricity or automobiles as items that depend on the outside world, and therefore get in the way of their intended separation from that existence. For decades, they have relied on kerosene or natural gas as a source of light. The rise of solar power over the past several years, however, has created a safe alternative that keeps in tradition with their independence. In Ohio, in particular, there is a great increase in solar arrays on the roofs of the Amish -- something that's been drawing perplexed reactions from local residents not used to seeing such advanced technology.
Jordan: Price increases curb demand for kerosene, diesel but boost JPRC's sales value by 43%
Fuel price increases last year raised the sales value of the Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company (JPRC) but cut the firm's sales volume as a result of lower demand.
Bob Hertzberg: Who needs the sun?
Selling solar power in rain-drenched Wales might seem an uphill struggle. But for Bob Hertzberg, the fast-talking co-founder of venture capital outfit Renewable Capital, that's the whole point. He is bankrolling a company in Cardiff making solar cells that do not need direct sunlight to generate electricity.
The most salient comparison between modern America and classical Rome, as Murphy notes, is that both have been blessed, and afflicted, with a sense of exceptionalism. In America this begins with John Winthrop exhorting his Puritan flock, who were about to settle the Massachusetts Bay Colony, “that we shall be as a city upon a hill.” Since then various presidents have described the United States in words that echo Cicero’s description of the Romans and their shining city upon seven hills: “Spaniards had the advantage over them in point of numbers, Gauls in physical strength, Carthaginians in sharpness, Greeks in culture, native Latins and Italians in shrewd common sense; yet Rome had conquered them all and acquired her vast empire because in piety, religion and appreciation of the omnipotence of the gods she was without equal.”



I was visiting the Japanese Kei car site this morning and saw a link to this EV called the Girasole elettrica. I can't decide whether it is made in Japan or imported from Italy.
And the MB dealership down the street has a smartcar in prominent display. I was going to go in, ask questions and take a picture so I could blog about it, but they are closed on Sundays...
The URL they had on the side of the car is:
http://www.smartusa.com/
At this point I don't know much more than what they say on the website. They claim >40mpg - I was wondering if they would bring the diesel over as an engine choice.
Personally I would prefer an electric for my next vehicle, but I am inclined to say that any new offering that gets >40mpg is progress of some sort.
My Jetta TDI gets over 40 mpg...and it's fast, has four seats and an enormous trunk. I'm on the smart usa list, paid my $99 reservation fee, but from what I understand the first round is going to be gasoline rather than diesel. Hardly any improvement over the Jetta, and such a compromise of space.
Heh. I also have a Jetta TDI, so I understand your point. Maybe if you had a small parking spot, or had too much stuff in the garage you could make a stronger case for a smart...
The diesel smart is supposedly in the 70mpg range - that would raise the bar a little bit if they ever bring that over..
From a quick scan of their website it looks like its made in Italy. In fact in the FAQ section they state they only have a left hand drive model (Japanese cars are right hand models, which is why I always turn on the windshield wipers when changing lanes)
Jan. Engadget post on the Girasole electric car
Kudos for Apple Mac Mini
My main computer got sick and I decided to upgrade. After some looking I decided on the Apple MacMini. Basically a laptop adopted for the desktop. And a respectfully low price.
Low power consumption (25 to 40 watts in normal operations without excessive add-ons according to blogs), small size (6.5" rounded square, 2" high) and I can reuse old LCD screen and my corded laptop USB mouse. I did have to buy a USB keyboard ($10 Microsoft curved smaller keyboard).
No operating fan, just convection cooling.
I was quite pleasantly surprised at the packaging. A modest 7 lb box, and almost all of it required for shipping safely. Perhaps 1 or 2 wasted ounces (WHY does the box require a strap ?)
All in all, an environmentally and economically responsible computer.
Best Hopes for Energy Star computers,
Alan
I would like to measure power consumption directly,
Yes, it's a great little computer; I've had one since they came out. It does have a fan, but it is so tiny and quiet that you wouldn't know it. Apple doesn't seem to advertise the Mac Mini much, so people think you have to but the integrated type for twice as much money. Having modular parts is far more sensible than tossing a display or CRT just because the computer went obsolete. The old I Macs were based on a Sony Trinitron which would last for twenty years but the computer went obsolete long before that. I have a Mini and a 19" Sony LCD which I prefer to the new all in one Mac. Thus when I go for the new Intel chip version I can keep the display etc.
I've thought about the Mini for a while, but I'm waiting for them to upgrade it... should be when the next round of MacBooks get done.
On the handle... in Japan it was very common for all boxes to come with handles or if not one would ask the sales clerk to add a "tottemono" (= a carrying thing), which they could do surprisingly well in just a few seconds. I used to carry everything of course, using the trains 100%.
And indeed, now that my relocation to the US being is pretty much complete, I'm lamenting the lack in US society and particularly retailers in addressing how to do everyday commerce for people who don't want to use a car. Most everything has packaging that is too large, or too heavy. If I want a "tottemono" I'm at a lost for words... and English is my native language. At the supermarket I'm still in reverse-culture shock over the lackadaisical attitudes of the employees and their inabilty to pack a bag, not to mention the snails pace of service. What if someone has to catch the last train home...
Of course, Americans (>99%) do not have to catch the last train home... they have their ICE to serve them. But... but..., as I look around at the society now in which I am embedding myself I notice the haggard looks, motoring in dilapidated automobiles that have seen one too many miles and one too few oil changes. I do notice that in the supermarkets there are complete isles, both sides, dedicated to pet food and pet items, while cooking staples (for humans) take up maybe 20 feet of shelf space on one isle..., of bins ladened with monster Hershey bars, 10 for $10, but fresh seafood sections that are smaller than many peoples' kitchens, holding the most sickly of pre-frozen fish (this, in a huge supermarket less than 20 miles from the ocean...)
Well, too much ranting and not enough about oil for TOD. However, I keep thinking about PO mitigation and your visions of electrified rail becoming the backbone of cities and I can't help but think of the social re-education that must happen to have any hope to make it viable. Whenever I go for a walk I am immediately confronted, when surveying the society built around me, that it is made for an automobile and not for human.
We have a long ways to go my friend, a very long ways.
Perhaps I should do, as someone suggested, a video essay on my 2.5 block walk to Zara's, my neighborhood grocery store. And perhaps the 7 block walk to WalMart (half through a new Urbanism River Gardens) as well.
I have also been shocked at the lack of staples when grocery shopping outside New Orleans and the miles of heavily processed "foods" that I will never eat.
Here, I go shopping for seafood in the seafood markets (they display the price/lb of cooked crawfish outside). The best source IMO. Zara's OTOH, has a well done deli (excellent muffulettas#, decent po-boys and lunch specials (rabbit last week) and a surprisingly good selection of cheeses).
I also wonder how well Americans (developers, architects as well as residents) will adapt to TOD. It can be ugly (see some German cities) or it can be delightful (outside my front door, with some modest exceptions).
I am encouraged that roughly 30% of Americans WANT to live in TOD-like developments. Let us build for them and wait for the rest.
Best Hopes for Good Taste,
Alan
# http://www.gumbopages.com/food/samwiches/muff.html
99%, a little off I think. NYC alone is about 3% of the country's population, so even if nobody else in the country goes without a car, that cuts your estimate down to 97%.
Of course the NYC subways run all night, so there is no last train, but the New Yorkers generally don't have their ICEs to assist them.
I would like to measure power consumption directly,
Get a kill-o-Watt.
http://www.lifeaftertheoilcrash.net/IndividualItemPages/KillAWatt.html
Thanks for reminding me !
I will buy several and donate them to the local non-profit architectural salvage company, the Green Project. And then check out the first one for extended use :-) And then talk to the few library branches that have reopened.
Found some for $20 each.
http://www.supermediastore.com
Best Hopes for Conservation,
Alan
The Kill-O-Watt is a great product. (Well, almost: you need to get a 1-foot extension cord for it so that it doesn't cover all the other outlets.) Anyway, it's one of those things that is best shared between friends. I measured just about everything I owned in the first month I had it. After that I try to get my friends and colleagues to take it home for a week or two. Right now my KoW is sitting idle--wasting the earth's resources that it was designed to save. Any takers in Sunnyvale CA?
I checked the power consumption of my dell desktop with my kill a watt monitor and it ranges for about 105 when idle to about 180 under full load so that mac mini is pretty good in comparison
FWIW, I no longer use a desktop machine. My new Dell laptop seems to have exceptional power performance - I get something like 5 hours on a battery. On my old laptop, I would get maybe 2 hours or so.
I have a Kill-A-Watt in the garage - I ought to dig it out and test the thing.
Yeah,
My KoW checked my office equipment, the Laptop hums along at around 22watts, the answering machine was 2-4 watts depending of if the handset was charging or not, the "Phantom" power draw from the printer was ~1watt, a lot better than I had guessed (catch22 keeping it off, since it does a head-cleaning with $$ink every time it boots) .. Wireless DSL router was heavy, at around 12watts..
Right now, it's mated to the freezer in the basement, which draws 80 watts when it runs, but the KoW will tally the hours, too, and can tell you how many kwh it has used, as long as you've remembered to log the start date when you plugged them in. (and you should maybe make note of the ambient room temp, a few times during the period, for the likes of a fridge/freezer)
Bob Fiske
Btw, can someone recommend a Kill-a-Watt sort of device that works on European current? (230V, 50hZ)
You get bonus points if the socket/plug is continental, though the UK version is also okay.
(Yes, I know that google is my friend, but all those I found are way more expensive than the Kill-a-Watt...)
Thanks in advance!
The cent-a-meter is a similar concept but permanently mounted rather than a test device. It tells you instantaneous total power use with all kinds over averaging functions etc. It would work just as well as a kill-a-watt if you can do subtraction :-)
http://www.centameter.com.au/
You should be able to have one shipped over.
I bought a dual-core Mini a few weeks after they shipped. My complete computer setup includes: Mini, external hard disk for extra storage, 21-inch Apple LCD, B&W laser printer, high-def USB TV tuner, cell phone charger, iPod (also a Mini :-), keyword, mouse, Comcast cable modem, and wireless router/hub. According to my Kill-o-Wat, power draw ranges from 130 W with everything running; when the computer and printer are sleeping I am down to less than 20 W. Sadly, the phone charger is 5 W of that :-(.
If there are flaws with the Mac Mini Intel they are that you pay extra money for the small size, you can't get a dedicated video card (for action games), my wireless reception isn't great, and the hard disk is slow and low-capacity.
By the way, the Mini Dual Core runs Win XP very well with Apple's free Bootcamp software.
http://disc.server.com/discussion.cgi?id=149495;article=110861;show_pare...
A three-year study by Professor Hans-Heinrich Kaatz at the University of Jena found that the gene used to modify oil-seed rape had transferred to bacteria living inside honey bees.Lets have a round of clapping for GM crops!
What does this imply? So a ?single? oil seed rape gene is now present in bacteria. What happens during its expression? How does this affect bees? Are all bees affected? What is the implication for other GM crops? GM organisms?
The article only answers a few of these questions. Genes from plants have crossed the species barrier into bacteria.
"I have found the herbicide-resistant genes in the rapeseed transferred across to the bacteria and yeast inside the intestines of young bees. This happened rarely, but it did happen."
The article further states the research is unpublished, and unreviewed. More time is nessisary to allow for a true answer to come forward. If other scientists can duplicate the findings, (which should be easy) they still must demonstrate how altered gene expression of intestinal bacteria can kill off the bacteria.
/hypothesis 1, bacteria in the stomach of the bees responsible for helping digestion waste energy expressing this gene, and lack of nutrients starves the bees. check to see frequency of colony death/bee mortality near GM crops versus non GM crops. If none are available, make do with an experiment in greenhouses.
/hypothesis 2, this gene transfer has been going on all along and is unrelated to bee death. Strong support can be lended here if recently deceaced colonys of bees were not in close proximity to GM oilseed rape crops.
What does this imply?
From the same link:
The findings will undermine claims by the biotech industry and supporters of GM foods that genes cannot spread.Please feel free to show how such statements were not made in the past.
Glad to have you here Gilgamesh. About 6 weeks ago there were a series of threads about Monsanto. And it was mentioned how, eventually, people would show up defending GMed materials. I look forward to your defense of a much maligned industy who only have the greater glory of the shareholders at heart.
Oh I am not a huge monsanto fan. I am a fan of informed science, the article cited is currently in ?pre? review, I will await for more evidence of horizontal gene transfer as well as possible bee killing mechanisms before advocating legislation or community action on any scale.
If you would like to start up legislation or action based on currently available studies, go right ahead.
IF the study can be replicated (which seems likely), then horizontal gene transfer between species (well bacteria are very good at horizontal gene transfer, so i would expect them to pick up something useful first) is strongly supported for plants->bacteria. Likely courses of action will be bannination of the food crops in 1st world countries.
I would point out that the biotech industry was blowing smoke up everyones ass, stating "cannot spread" implies a full on negative, rare in science, especially the biological world, which we know little about indeed.
Monsanto is bad in my books for promoting the idea of monocultures, which allow us to feed a great many people, at the risk of stability should pesticides/herbicides/insecticides/fungicides all fail (did i mention the 'cides are all oil based?). They are also greedy with IP (which was not theirs to begin with, they took a natural product and modded it, a clearly derivitive work, meaning that since a product was taken from people, they should return it with as little added cost as possible. No terminator genes, no hounding farmers, no buying seed every year from monsanto or else.
Summary, a couple more studies would be cool. This study indicates more should be performed to test the hypothosis and further the field.
If you would like to start up legislation or action based on currently available studies, go right ahead.
How about simple labeling of products, so people who don't want to buy the stuff can take a pass.
Let the 'sainted markets' make change happen.
I would point out that the biotech industry was blowing smoke up everyones ass,
And yet, they are not shut down.
Summary, a couple more studies would be cool.
Oh, I'm sure there will be more studies.
It was actually bacterial genes that allowed the DNA wranglers to modify crops in the first place. Can't remember the name of the bug right now, but it caused a gall of some sort on a plant, and biological researchers eventually worked out that the bacteria were actually inserting some genes into the plant cells to cause the abnormal growth of the gall, which in turn provided the bacteria a place to live.
I'm not sure if the nodule bacteria in legumes do a similar thing or if they are purely commensal. But nature has a long history of spreading DNA around in novel ways. Oh yeah, here it is. Good ole WikiPedia.
Not that it isn't possible for humans to do a bit of damage by making formerly benign crop plants toxic...
| The problem will solve itself.
| But not in a nice way.
interestingly, i have noticed that most foods are being sold in smaller boxes and portion sizes for the same price as before. This is a semi-effective mask for the producer, but not if the consumer always computes the $/Kg cost of food.
Another thing which tipped me off was about 2 months ago there was a firesale of nearly everything at my local grocery store. These items were not going bad/out of date, the only reason I could think of is the fact that new stock was coming in, and it was going to be more expensive. (remove the old cheap stuff entirely and jack up prices for new more expensive produce!)
Seems like I was correct on most counts. Smaller portions for same price = higher cost, more expensive= well... more expensive!
I bought a box of those Nutri-grain bars last week for the first time in years. I almost fell over when I opened one up, it's tiny! They used to be twice that size!! The wrapper was the size the bar used to be, but what's inside the wrapper only fills about half the space.
Just more evidence that the official inflation number are total BS.
Maybe it isn't the products that are getting smaller, just that our heads are getting BIGGER here...Oh no, my wife is back with that pin again.
Hadn't tried Wuthers candy in ages ... next time I do, if I do, I likely will be buying Wurther's Air in a Bag. Very small but still not all that great. Some sort of consistency there.
If you go for toffees that is one thing the British do well.
I've also noticed this with Zone Energy bars - they are about 2/3 the size they were 2 years ago.
Vending machine Doritos are totally awful now - they've gone from cornmeal to sawdust.
Some producers have gone the other way - a bag of Newman's Own pretzel nuggets is the same size it was 2 years ago, but now it costs $2.19 instead of $0.99.
http://www.toronto.ca/environment/initiatives/cooling.htm
Toronto switches to lakewater cooling.
Some highlights.
Using a COP of 2.5 we find that 61*2.5 ~= 150KW of heating is being directed into the lakewater. (probably 215KW as the energy used to pump the liquid will carried away as heat in the working fluid.)
System boundry around the buildings, buildings produce heat/recieve heat from the sun, heat pumped out by air refrideration cycles(COP~=2.5), replacement by cold water pump(water already at lower temperature, and high heat capacity, results in lower costs)
I dislike the line that this project results in less heat being put into the lake, because as the electricity consumption is lower, it will simply get adsorbed into another user. All in all there is more heat going into the lake(cooling demand + old electricity usage), and only time will tell if it is sustainable.
Also the hotter the lake gets, the worse the heat exchange is, and the greater the water flow nessisary. Damn those diminishing returns.
It seems to be a good step, but it definently externalizes the heat cost to the lake.
/as an aside, how much algea could be grown on the surface of the Great Lakes?
/as an aside, how much algea could be grown on the surface of the Great Lakes?
As a rough guess, at least seven or eight orders of magnitude more than you'll ever grow in one of these things:

| The problem will solve itself.
| But not in a nice way.
"Using a COP of 2.5"
I browsed the site for the COP formulation but
did not see it.
If that is your formulation, is 2.5 a standard value for this type of extraction technology ?
Where IS that 'Theory of Everything' ?
Here it is !
Coefficient of performance is was COP is, just from thermo class, 2.5 is fairly typical. Ground loop transfers (geothermal) may get more, but in any case it refers to the heat which may be transferred for every watt inputted into the system.
Therefore if I have a 10 Watts, with a 2 COP system i can move 20 units of heat + the 10 watts of energy used to move the twenty!
The larger COP means that more heat is moved per watt inputted, and simply increases the amount of heat displaced into the lake. (ie a COP of 10 would result in more than 600 MW of heat being dumped into the lake)
If you can find some other number substitute it in and use them!
"thermo class, 2.5 is fairly typical"
Thanks. My interest is related to HVAC/R
retraining I am looking to get into. I suspect performance of particular technologies is going to be important in that field.
Where I