DrumBeat: April 12, 2007

Transportation News: Does Rapid Decline in Mexican Oil Field Prove Peak Oil Theories?

We’ve covered stories in the past around “Peak Oil” theories and the potential impact on energy, transportation and other supply chain costs if such predictions are accurate (See "Supply Chain Management and the End of Oil," "Is Saudi Arabia Running Out of Oil?" "Giant Oil Find in Gulf of Mexico Offers Promise that There is Lot More Oil Out There").

Now, reports that production from the giant Cantarell oil field in Mexico, the world’s second largest by output, is falling dramatically, almost perfectly in line with what Peak Oil theorist would predict.

Dave Cohen: Decline Rates and Non-OPEC Supply

Every year, baseball starts up in the Spring and there are rosy forecasts for supply growth in the non-OPEC oil supply. 2007 is no exception.


IEA trims 2007 global oil demand forecast

The International Energy Agency revised its 2007 global oil product demand forecast down slightly, citing continued weather-related demand weakness in industrialised countries of the OECD.


Iraq hopes to up oil output by a third

Iraq hopes to raise oil production by nearly 1 million barrels per day (bpd) this year, achieving its long-held target of 3 million bpd by restoring northern exports, its oil minister said on Thursday.


Mistakes to Avoid in the Global Warming Fight

The free market is the best system ever created for providing what we want at the lowest possible cost. The way to get affordable amelioration of climate change is to put the market to work finding solutions. To achieve that, we merely need to make energy prices reflect the potential harm done by greenhouse gases.


George Monbiot on Peak Oil and Transition Towns

Over the past two or three years or so, I’ve become pretty sure that peak oil isn’t as imminent as I first thought. ...It is not going to happen as soon as Kenneth Deffeyes and Colin Campbell and one or two others say, I’m pretty much convinced of that.


LNG faces complex landscape

The latest setback for a proposed liquefied natural gas plant, which would perch well offshore from Oxnard, illustrates both the hurdles that the supercooled gas called LNG faces and the tenacity of those who say we need it.


Alaska: Village short on fuel halts sales to seasonal residents

In a mid-March meeting, the Larsen Bay City Council moved to restrict fuel sales from the city-owned fuel farm, cutting off sales to anyone other than the village’s 90 or so year-round residents.

A letter sent to past customers apologized for the inconvenience and cited low cash reserves at the city, in part due to outstanding bills owed by fuel customers.


The Saudi Paradox

The House of Saud has long experience navigating contradictory allegiances. Since the 1930s, the ruling family has managed a tenuous pair of alliances: one as an ally and major oil supplier to the United States, and the other as a political partner with Wahhabi clerics who dominate social and religious policy in the kingdom.


Russia mulls new oil pipeline project to bypass Belarus, Poland

The industry ministry has proposed building a second leg of an oil pipeline to Europe bypassing Belarus and Poland to reduce Russia's dependence on transit countries, the ministry's press service said Thursday.


Getting tough with the petro-elites

The world's fastest growing source of oil is West Africa. The United States imports more crude from West Africa than from Saudi Arabia and Kuwait combined; Angola has become China's biggest supplier; the European Union imports almost one fifth of its oil from Africa.


$2.5 trillion investment in new coal-fired plants

World coal-fired power generation capacity will rise from 1.3 million MW in 2006, to 1.7 million MW in 2011, and to 2.7 million MW in 2030, according to a new report.

This will require more than 1.7 million MW of new coal-fired construction to account for retirements as well as growth.


China Aims to Clean Up in Solar Power

China is home to some of the most polluted cities on the planet and likely will overtake the U.S. as the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases by the end of the decade. Yet while China's "dirty dragon" image is well-deserved, Beijing officials are also deadly serious about investing in solar power capacity at home and eventually becoming a dominant player in this rapidly-emerging, clean energy technology.


Pentagon Considering Study on Space-Based Solar Power

The Pentagon's National Security Space Office (NSSO) may begin a study in the near future on the possibility of using satellites to collect solar energy for use on Earth, according to Defense Department officials.


Annual U.S. Wind Power Rankings

The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) today released its annual rankings of wind energy development in the United States.


Texas is top state for alternative fuel

Big trucks and alternative fuels seem mutually exclusive.

But Texans' love of big diesel pickups helped make Texas the state with the most alternative-fuel vehicles on the road last year.


John Michael Greer: Cycles of sustainability

Prophecy is risky business, but it’s a risk worth taking on occasion, so I would like to offer the following seemingly unlikely prediction: fifteen years after the definite arrival of a peak in oil production, the price of crude oil in Euros will be no higher than it is today, and may actually be quite a bit lower.


Peru, Trinidad in Talks to Join 'Gas OPEC'

Peru and Trinidad & Tobago are in talks to join Opegasur, the OPEC-style natural gas producers' organization Venezuela is promoting, Venezuela's energy and oil minister Rafael Ramirez said in a ministry statement.


Deal signed for Shaybah pipeline


Warm Relations Between China and the Gulf Arab Countries

Look closely at some of the major development projects in China, and what you see behind them is Middle East oil.

A $500 million port development in Tianjin is funded by Dubai-based DP World. A $5 billion refinery in Guangdong province will be built by Kuwait. A huge crude oil tank farm on Hainan Island is planned by Saudi Arabia.


Canada: NDP Calls for Gas Price Monitoring

NDP transportation critic Peter Julian recently called on the federal government to implement a nation-wide regulatory agency to monitor the price of oil and gas.

"It is unfair for Canadian consumers to be gouged at the pumps and meanwhile, big gas companies continue to reap record profits," says Julian.


Ukraine can become a country of risky transit because of developing political crisis

One of first consequences of the political crisis in Ukraine is intensified struggle for redistribution of energy companies’ assets, Director General of the International Institute for Political Expertise Yevgeny Minchenko announced today, while presenting results of the survey “Ukraine’s Energy Potential” at the REGNUM press center.


Russian Company Finds 3.2 Trillion Cubic Meters of Gas Reserves


Uganda: Car Power Generator to Solve Energy Crisis

An American entrepreneur is pioneering an inverter that uses a vehicle's electrical generation system to store electricity, which can then be utilised for domestic or office use.


India: Line gap checks Dabhol power

Maharashtra which is facing one of the biggest power shortages in recent times, a peak shortage of 5,000 MW, is sitting on a generating capacity of 1,450 MW that is lying idle for most of the day despite having the fuel to fire the power station.


Nigeria's Election Heightens Oil Worries

The balloting that kicks off in Nigeria Saturday could prove to be a historic event: If the election of a new government goes smoothly, the transition will mark the first time one civilian government in Africa's most-populous nation passes power to another.


Gasoline shortage reported in Papua

Gasoline shortages in Timika have resulted in long lines at the city's gas stations since Tuesday.


Pakistan: LCCI demands steps to overcome power shortage

The chairman of the LCCI Standing Committee on Customs, Tariff Valuation and Imports, Irfan Qaisar, has expressed grave concern at the worsening power supply in the country and has urged the government to allow duty-free import of solar cells and batteries to promote solar energy.

In a statement issued here on Wednesday, he said loadshedding affected industrial, commercial and domestic users alike. He said frequent closure of industrial units due to power shortage and loadshedding reduced their production and rendered them uncompetitive in the international market.


South Africa: Hopes Up That New Pipeline May Reduce Inland Petrol Costs

Hopes are up that the building of a R4 billion pipeline to transport fuel directly from Maputo to South Africa may see a drop in the price of petrol in Mpumalanga and Gauteng, in the long term.


Shell Pays Venezuelan Tax Authority US$13.7mn


China Eying Burma as a “Conduit” for Oil and Gas Supplies

China could end up paying the Burmese junta the huge sum of US $9 billion as “rent” for building oil and gas pipelines across the country.


Fiercer Than the Race for Oil or Natural Gas

Japan's Kyodo news agency quoted an industry source as saying, "The global race for uranium supplies has become fiercer than that for oil or natural gas."


Uranium Stocks About To Gap Higher

The nation's 103 operating nuclear power plants already are experiencing dwindling stockpiles of uranium--some of it converted from Russian bombs--while energy-hungry China and India are rushing to build their own nuclear power plants.


Is Africa ready for nuclear energy?

Southern Africa is facing energy shortages as climatic changes intermittently turn off the switch on hydroelectric power generation and oil prices remain exorbitantly high.

As regional energy powerhouse South Africa ponders uranium enrichment, there is need to explore whether other uranium-producing African countries that are still in the dark on alternative sources of energy, can take a bite of the "yellow cake" (energy rich uranium oxide) and generate nuclear energy.


It's time to face reality of finite oil supply

The Oil Peak and its consequences were among the topics discussed by Norm Erickson in the first of a series of lectures at the University Center Rochester last Thursday. Erickson, an IBM employee for 32 years, has delved deeply into the Oil Peak, energy issues, and global warming. He is convinced that oil production throughout the world is already declining or will begin to do so in a short time.


U.S. gasoline over $3 looms this summer

Looks like deja vu this summer for American motorists, with $3-plus gasoline pump prices looming again as a double whammy of refinery outages and slow imports collide with strong demand.

Analysts say supplies of gasoline -- now at the lower end of a five-year average -- will keep falling while demand grows 1 to 2 percent, by far outpacing last year's 0.5 percent growth.

"People will complain about it but will probably keep driving," said David Pursell, an analyst at Pickering Energy Partners, Inc. in Houston.


Transport seen surging, damaging climate: U.N. draft

Surging use of cars and planes will push up greenhouse gas emissions in coming decades, making the transport sector a black spot in a fight against global warming, according to a draft U.N. report.


Global warming turns up political heat in Australia

Global warming is turning up the political heat in Australia, the only country in the world to have joined the United States in refusing to ratify the Kyoto Protocol on climate change.

With scientists warning that prized coastal homes are threatened by rising sea levels and rich farmlands are drying up, Prime Minister John Howard has undergone an election-year conversion from sceptic to activist.


Europe faces heatwaves as climate change takes hold: IPCC

Sweltering under the summer sun could become a regular feature of European life as global warming leads to frequent heatwaves, climate change experts warned here on Wednesday.

"We might have every other year a summer as hot or hotter as the summer 2003," said Andreas Fischlin of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, and coordinating lead author for the ecosystems chapter of the latest intergovernmental panel on climate change report.


Earth and education need to mesh together

Problems such as peak oil (the point at which yearly oil supply reaches a maximum) and climate change are complex and interconnected, requiring a systems-thinking approach.


Earn an MBA in Managing for Sustainability with the Marlboro College Graduate Center

Innovative graduate programs for busy adults already have a ten-year track record at the Brattleboro, Vermont-based Marlboro College Graduate Center. The new, accredited MBA in Managing for Sustainability builds on that foundation, introducing what may be the ideal curriculum for CSR professionals, socially responsible entrepreneurs and managers, and all those seeking ways to infuse their careers with a sustainability perspective consistent with their values and visions. We are now accepting applications for September 2007 enrollment.


Getting Together

Last week Ithaca Forward and the Green Resource Hub of the Finger Lakes co-hosted a "Sustainable Energy Seminar" at the Human Services Building to focus on local entrepreneurial solutions to the threats of climate change and dwindling fossil fuel reserves. The seminar featured representatives from the Green Resource Hub, Enfield Energy, Ithaca Biodiesel, and Performance Systems Contracting, who presented their organizational missions to local residents and students interested in entering the field of sustainable energy.


U.K.: Soil Association starts nationwide series of meetings on 'peak oil' problem

The Soil Association is holding a nationwide series of public meetings on making the transition from ‘cheap oil’ to ‘peak oil’.


Jay Fever

An interview with Rep. Jay Inslee, clean-energy champion from Washington state


IEA: Angola, Saudi to lead OPEC oil capacity rise

OPEC oil output capacity growth of some 2.6 million barrels per day this year and next is heavily skewed towards new member Angola and leading exporter Saudi Arabia, the International Energy Agency said on Thursday.

Together, the two nations are on course to account for half the net increase that will take OPEC capacity from 33.9 million bpd at the end of 2006 to 34.8 million bpd at the end of 2007 and 36.5 million bpd at the end of 2008, said the IEA.


Warming could spark water scramble

Climate change could diminish North American water supplies and trigger disputes between the United States and Canada over water reserves already stressed by industry and agriculture, U.N. experts said on Wednesday.


Oil Companies May See An Ebb In Profit Gusher

The doubling of oil prices over the past few years has produced enormous windfalls for oil companies. But those record profits are likely to recede in the years ahead -- even if oil prices don't -- as oil-producing nations increasingly demand a bigger share of the wealth.


The Peak Oil Crisis: Alternatives – Decentralized Power

Something few of us are aware of is the massive waste built into the energy systems we have built over the last 100 years. This week, I am going to talk about electricity generation, but the same point can be made about the internal combustion engine which is a monument to inefficiency.


Oil Executive Predicts Future Energy Crisis

“I would submit to you that your lifestyle, your career, will depend upon energy security. Not just now, not just in a few years, but as we look out ahead over the decades: your career, your economic wellbeing, whatever course you may take in life … Energy security will touch you,” began John Hofmeister, president of Shell Oil Company, at his on-campus lecture yesterday.


Nationalize oil industry, save at pump

Canada must nationalize its oil and gas industry to help lower the cost at the pumps by a third, says a Quebec accounting professor.

Leo-Paul Lauzon said yesterday that Quebec could also build a refinery with independent dealers and negotiate directly with oil exporting countries.


Inside, confidential, off the record: Cantarell inevitable

Mexico's Cantarell oil field, the world's second largest producer, is not just beginning to dry up, [it] is falling dramatically, totally in line with what Peak Oil addicts would predict. Just in the last year daily production fell by 20 percent. It is now producing about 1.6 million barrels per day, down from two million a year ago. The estimation by some experts is that by 2010, Cantarel would produce less than half a millon barrels per day.

So it goes, indeed: Kurt Vonnegut will be missed.

For those who missed it: Kurt Vonnegut has passed away. He was 84.

He was a peak oiler.

I'm Jeremiah, and I'm not talking about God being mad at us," novelist Kurt Vonnegut says with a straight face, gazing out the parlor windows of his Manhattan brownstone. "I'm talking about us killing the planet as a life-support system with gasoline. What's going to happen is, very soon, we're going to run out of petroleum, and everything depends on petroleum. And there go the school buses. There go the fire engines. The food trucks will come to a halt. This is the end of the world. We've become far too dependent on hydrocarbons, and it's going to suddenly dry up. You talk about the gluttonous Roaring Twenties. That was nothing. We're crazy, going crazy, about petroleum. It's a drug like crack cocaine. Of course, the lunatic fringe of Christianity is welcoming the end of the world as the rapture. So I'm Jeremiah. It's going to have to stop. I'm sorry.

A tear falls quietly for Mr. Vonnegut, as this primate brain laughs tenderly at its own ocean-deep absurdity, which Kurt captured so well. So it goes.

And you could say that Galápagos was as clear a proposal for localization as I can think of.

All our problems arise from our big brains.

Some of our problems come from small-mindedness:

http://instruct.westvalley.edu/lafave/hb.html

Makes one think about where the Iron Triangle is headed.

Perhaps NPR will rebroadcast Between Time and Timbuktu (1972), a mishmash of Vonnegut works including Happy Birthday, Wanda June, Cat's Cradle, and even Harrison Bergeron.

Wow! What a great short story!

I feel shocked. It was one of the best writers of our times.
So it goes.

Below is my favorite Vonnegut passage. I find it inspirational when fighting long odds. Perhaps other TODers can relate.

“You thought we were sure to lose?” said Paul huskily.
“Certainly,” said Lasher, looking at him as though Paul had said something idiotic.
“But you’ve been talking all along as though it were almost a sure thing,” said Paul.
“Of course, Doctor, said Lasher patronizingly. “If we hadn’t all talked that way, we wouldn’t have had that one chance in a thousand. But I didn’t let myself lose touch with reality.”
...
“If we didn’t have a chance, then what on earth was the sense of--?” Paul left the sentence unfinished, and included the ruins of Ilium in a sweep of his hand.”...
“It doesn’t matter if we win or lose, Doctor. The important thing is that we tried. For the record, we tried!”...
“What record?” said Paul...
“Revolutions aren’t my main line of business,” said Lasher, his voice deep and rolling. “I’m a minister, Doctor, remember? First and last, I’m an enemy of the Devil, a man of God!”

(end of Chapter XXXIV) Player Piano – Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. ©1952

Mr Vonnegut just went to experience some other part of his lifetime, because he is unstuck in time.We will miss him: dead now, alive at another time.

So it goes.

I'm touched that the first comments on TOD's "drumbeat" today were about Vonnegut. Some very classy and bright people hang out here.

As a Tralfamadorian Bokononist, philosophically, it is a great shame to have him gone, but if you look at him in earlier years he is really doing quite well.

May we each choose the lies we live by with open eyes.

Vonnegut on The Daily Show

http://tinyurl.com/29oarc

"Risk is jumping off a cliff and building your wings on the way down." ~ Vonnegut

Seems appropo for us here at TOD.

NO one here has taken a leak lately have they. If so please quit taking leaks

Quid Clarius Astris
Ubi Bene ibi patria

“Hawiyah Gas Plant was brought on-stream in December 2001. The facility can process up to 1.6 billion scfd of raw gas (sweet and sour) and produce 1.4 billion scfd of sales gas for the Master Gas System, 170,000b/d of condensate, and 1,000t/d of sulphur.” http://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/projects/saudi-aramco/

1.6 BCF/day NG processing plant completed in 2001 http://www.jgc.co.jp/en/02bisdmn/01oilgas_production/exp_saudi1.htm

A Hawiyah NGL extension project is due to start production in October 2007 and yield a further 3.5 BCF/day NG and 310 kbpd NGLs. http://www.saudiaramco.com/bvsm/JSP/content/articleDetail.jsp?BV_Session...

A further release in Feb 07 mentions the main contractors: “JGC Corp. of Japan; Snamprogetti of Italy; General Dynamics of the United States; and Saudi contractors Modern Arab Construction, Suedrohrbau, NESMA and FM Qahtani”

“The newly recovered ethane-rich NGL will be sent to other domestic petrochemical complexes by pipeline for further downstream processing.” http://www.jgc.co.jp/en/01newsinfo/2005/release/20050405.html

It looks like Hawiyah is solely a NatGas and NGL producer, with current production of 1.6 BCF/day NG and 170 kbpd condensates, with an upgrade to triple that capacity due by Q4 2007.

This months "Highlights" of the IEA's "Oil Market Report" is out.
http://omrpublic.iea.org/

World oil output fell by 265 kb/d in March to 85.3 mb/d on OPEC supply cuts and OECD production outages. Non-OPEC growth in 2007 is unchanged at 1.1 mb/d, versus 0.4 mb/d in 2006, extending the sharp recovery evident since mid-2006. OPEC NGLs will grow by 0.25 mb/d this year to 4.9 mb/d. Seasonal factors peg non-OPEC supply below 50.3 mb/d through to 3Q, before growth resumes to 50.9 mb/d in 4Q.

And:

Global oil product demand has been revised down to 84.3 mb/d in 2006 and 85.8 mb/d in 2007.

Ron Patterson

meanwhile, there are roughly 60 million more hungry mouths to feed since mid 2006-

a good 20% of those are going to want there fair share of 6 barrels a year per person

At the bottom of the April 11 DrumBeat, penguinize posted another, larger cut by Aramco in Arab Heavy to Asian refiners.
..........
I should know this, but what reserviors does Arab Heavy come from ?

Not from North Ghawar, the recent focus of discussions (and fears).

Loaned out my copy of Twilight in the Desert, or I would flip through the index.

Aramco does seem to have problems with one of the major reserviors that produce Arab Heavy.

Best Hopes,

Alan

Here's the article in question, again...

From Bloomberg:
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20602099&sid=atacTjyPVm0A&refer=e...

Saudi Aramco to Cut Oil Supply to Asia a 7th Month (Update1)
By Nesa Subrahmaniyan

April 12 (Bloomberg) -- Saudi Aramco, the world's largest state oil company, will maintain a cut in crude oil supply to Asian refiners for a seventh month in May.

Saudi Aramco will reduce mainly contracted supply of its Arab Heavy crude exports, said three refinery officials who received notices and asked not to be identified because of confidentiality agreements with the Dhahran, Saudi Arabia-based oil producer. The company has lowered shipments below contract levels since November.

The supply cuts are between 9 percent and 10 percent of contracted volumes, the officials said. Saudi Aramco is lowering exports to Asian refiners in April by an average 9 percent, and the cuts this month and in May are more than the 7 percent reduction in March shipments.

Saudi Aramco's export reduction is to comply with 1.7- million-barrel-a-day production cuts agreed last year by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

To contact the reporter on this story: Nesa Subrahmaniyan in Singapore at nesas@bloomberg.net

Last Updated: April 11, 2007 22:37 EDT

--30--

Looks more and more like a Saudi peak to me... I thought the Saudis were having a hard time trying to get rid of their heavy sour crude, AND that they were already under their quota... smoke and mirrors, anyone?

Franc (penguinzee)

The Saudis are raising oil prices by $1 to $4 per barrel, and they are unilaterally cutting deliveries to customers--to below contracted for levels.

WT,
We have all been expecting KSA to "put up or shut up" by early this summer-could they be tipping their hand with this cut? If that's the case, then we are going to be in some real deep do-do here shortly...

Franc (penguinzee)

IMO, the excuses for declining Saudi crude oil production stopped making sense some time ago.

One thing I can't follow is this: If they are making significant cuts in deliveries to Asian refinaries, then there should be gasoline/diesel shortages in Asian countries. But I don't see any news reports about that. Secondly, do we know the identity of these Asian refinaries?

And if these Asian refinaries are making up for the shortfall by buying oil in the open market, then the price should be shooting up. We don't see that either. Brent is still below $70/barrel. So what gives?

Asian oils are $70 and higher. Indonesian crude was at $74, I believe.

Ghawar Is Dying
The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function. - Dr. Albert Bartlett

Brent is still below $70/barrel. So what gives?

IMO, a more accurate way to state it is that Brent is currently about 80% higher than the average monthly price in the 20 months prior to 5/05.

From today's IEA report:

"Total OECD inventories fell by 80.5 mb in February on declining product stocks in all regions and a crude draw in the Pacific. Forward cover is declining counter-seasonally and preliminary March data for the US, Japan and Europe indicate an unusual 1Q stock draw of around 1.0 mb/d."

Unseasonal crude draws in the Pacific will certainly be leading to product shortfalls before long if not already, especially since KSA continues to reduce deliveries further below contracts.

In other words, the entire planet saw an overall drawdown of 1 mbpd which means there was a shortfall of 1 mbpd between production and demand. And this was during a quarter that was not known for being a high consumption quarter.

Fun, fun! What happens when consumption picks up further, or at least tries to pick up further?

Ghawar Is Dying
The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function. - Dr. Albert Bartlett

The worldwide drawdown was probably more than one mbpd, since some key countries, like China, India and Russia, are apparently not part of the OECD: http://www.oecd.org/document/58/0,2340,en_2649_201185_1889402_1_1_1_1,00...

I think that the US has drawn down total inventories by over 100 million barrels since the fall of 2006.

No doubt a lot more than 1 mb/d. Countries will be loathe to report significant drawdowns in their SPR's for national security reasons. The worse the situation, the tighter lipped everyone will be. (Some may even speak of expanding their SPR's, although where additional supplies would come from..., perhaps Saturn's moon Triton, I here they have plenty of oil.)

The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function. - Dr. Albert Bartlett

I would add another to that, almost as serious:

"The second greatest shortcoming of the human race is the inability to appreciate time constants"

From the WSJ Energy Blog:

Crude-oil futures jumped 3% as gasoline prices surged to an eight-month high and are up more than 50% in the past two months. Unplanned outages at U.S. refineries are mounting, further hindering efforts to produce fuel coming into the peak summer driving season.

You know...I keep hearing about all these refinery outages to explain why there's less gasoline being produced, but where are the specific stories about specific refineries. Are all these "unplanned" outages just maintenance or have there been fires, accidents, etc.?

Let's get some links working on this stuff!!

Here ya go:

Saudi Refinery Shutdown

Oh, wait, that was in Dec 1990... Anyone remember this?

-best,

Wolf

Here's something about a TX refinery fire & shutdown in Feb 2007 causing minor spot shortages in the past few weeks:

Spot fuel shortages linked to refinery fire

This one's kind of interesting, from Houston, TX:

Lightning Sparks Refinery Tank Fire

Operations continued, so no disruption. But just imagine: One day a single lightning bolt might zap a refinery offline and cause a big headache, especially in an era of tight supplies.

-best,

Wolf

http://en.rian.ru/world/20070411/63490001.html

IMF predicts economic (and oil production) slowdown in Russia in next two years

IMF analysts also predicted a slowdown in Russian oil production as a result of modest investment.

The IMF has been systematically wrong about the Russian economy for the last 10 years. We'll see about the rate of decline of oil production. But the one-note Johnny drivel about Russia's economic growth being purely a function of oil is old and lame. Russia's GDP growth is demand driven and high gasoline prices have a negative impact on it.

Not to mention the Oil and Gas fields are built on and across permafrost in Siberia that is melting, destroying their entire infrastructure. Roads, pipelines, buildings, industrial facilities, all settling, sinking, crumbling and breaking up as the foundation they are built on turns to mush.